Deutschland - Daten & Fakten
Länderstatistik
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Daten & Fakten
Deutschland
Capital
name: Berlin
geographic coordinates: 52 31 N, 13 24 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word "berl" or "birl," meaning "swamp"
geographic coordinates: 52 31 N, 13 24 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word "berl" or "birl," meaning "swamp"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from government
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a German citizen or a resident alien who has lived in Germany at least 8 years
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from government
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
Legal system
civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal; age 16 for some state and municipal elections
Area
total: 357,022 sq km
land: 348,672 sq km
water: 8,350 sq km
land: 348,672 sq km
water: 8,350 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 48% (2018 est.)
arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 31.8% (2018 est.)
other: 20.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 34.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.6% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 13.3% (2018 est.)
forest: 31.8% (2018 est.)
other: 20.2% (2018 est.)
Location
Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Age structure
0-14 years: 13.75% (male 5,905,124/female 5,673,727)
15-64 years: 62.97% (male 26,934,889/female 26,097,401)
65 years and over: 23.28% (2023 est.) (male 8,784,872/female 10,824,171)
15-64 years: 62.97% (male 26,934,889/female 26,097,401)
65 years and over: 23.28% (2023 est.) (male 8,784,872/female 10,824,171)
Birth rate
9 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
12 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 81.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 79.4 years
female: 84.2 years
male: 79.4 years
female: 84.2 years
Major urban areas - population
3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt (2023)
Median age
total: 46.7 years (2023 est.)
male: 45.4 years
female: 48.2 years
male: 45.4 years
female: 48.2 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.9 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
Population growth rate
-0.12% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.58 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 77.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
4.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years
male: 17 years
female: 17 years (2020)
male: 17 years
female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
1.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
3.61% (2021 est.)
Labor force
43.968 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
14.8% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
3.54% (2021 est.)
3.81% (2020 est.)
3.14% (2019 est.)
3.81% (2020 est.)
3.14% (2019 est.)
Public debt
63.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank
67.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
note: general government gross debt is defined in the Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities (as defined in ESA95): currency and deposits (AF.2), securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives (AF.3, excluding AF.34), and loans (AF.4); the general government sector comprises the sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government and social security funds; the series are presented as a percentage of GDP and in millions of euros; GDP used as a denominator is the gross domestic product at current market prices; data expressed in national currency are converted into euro using end-of-year exchange rates provided by the European Central Bank
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.14% (2021 est.)
0.51% (2020 est.)
1.45% (2019 est.)
0.51% (2020 est.)
1.45% (2019 est.)
Exports
$2.004 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.676 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.816 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
United States 9%, China 8%, France 8%, Netherlands 6%, Italy 6% (2021)
Imports
$1.775 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.454 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$1.595 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
China 10%, Netherlands 10%, Poland 7%, Italy 6%, France 6% (2021)
Airports
539 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 36,215,303 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 43 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 75.53 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 39,379 km (2020) 20,942 km electrified
15 km 0.900-mm gauge, 24 km 0.750-mm gauge (2015)
15 km 0.900-mm gauge, 24 km 0.750-mm gauge (2015)
Roadways
total: 830,000 km (2022) 830,000 km
paved: 830,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)
note: includes local roads
paved: 830,000 km (2022) (includes 13,155 km of expressways)
note: includes local roads
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 38.6 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 106.4 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 128 (2021 est.)
Waterways
7,300 km (2022) (Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea)
Disputes - international
none identified