Turkmenistan - Daten & Fakten

Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Turkmenistan
209 140 000 EUR
197 987 000 EUR
-5.33 %
Bekleidung
Turkmenistan
541 000 EUR
793 000 EUR
46.58 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
12 268 000 EUR
10 497 000 EUR
-14.44 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Turkmenistan
12 866 000 EUR
10 243 000 EUR
-20.39 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Turkmenistan
9 729 000 EUR
8 536 000 EUR
-12.26 %
Energieversorgung
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Turkmenistan
439 000 EUR
61 000 EUR
-86.10 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Getränke
Turkmenistan
53 000 EUR
69 000 EUR
30.19 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Turkmenistan
1 247 000 EUR
2 286 000 EUR
83.32 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Turkmenistan
1 907 000 EUR
2 379 000 EUR
24.75 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Turkmenistan
186 000 EUR
157 000 EUR
-15.59 %
Kohle
Turkmenistan
0 EUR
14 000 EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
9 365 000 EUR
11 514 000 EUR
22.95 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Turkmenistan
9 095 000 EUR
12 753 000 EUR
40.22 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Turkmenistan
174 000 EUR
252 000 EUR
44.83 %
Maschinen
Turkmenistan
89 220 000 EUR
88 321 000 EUR
-1.01 %
Metalle
Turkmenistan
1 340 000 EUR
64 000 EUR
-95.22 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
3 175 000 EUR
4 010 000 EUR
26.30 %
Möbel
Turkmenistan
1 372 000 EUR
898 000 EUR
-34.55 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Turkmenistan
7 775 000 EUR
8 628 000 EUR
10.97 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Turkmenistan
972 000 EUR
696 000 EUR
-28.40 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
11 267 000 EUR
13 164 000 EUR
16.84 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Turkmenistan
330 000 EUR
349 000 EUR
5.76 %
Sonstige Waren
Turkmenistan
35 646 000 EUR
21 943 000 EUR
-38.44 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
71 000 EUR
124 000 EUR
74.65 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
2 000 EUR
0 EUR
-100.00 %
Textilien
Turkmenistan
100 000 EUR
236 000 EUR
136.00 %

Daten & Fakten
Flagge: Turkmenistan Turkmenistan
Capital
name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)

geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E

time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Legal system
civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 488,100 sq km

land: 469,930 sq km

water: 18,170 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 72% (2018 est.)

arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)

other: 19.2% (2018 est.)
Location
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Age structure
0-14 years: 24.63% (male 710,040/female 691,487)

15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)

65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)
Birth rate
17.2 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%

major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 69.1 years

female: 75.3 years
Major urban areas - population
902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 30.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 30.2 years

female: 31.2 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.2 years (2019)
Net migration rate
-1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat
Population growth rate
0.95% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.03 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 54% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years

male: 13 years

female: 13 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
1% (2017 est.)
Labor force
1.998 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
0.2% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate
5.08% (2021 est.)

4.95% (2020 est.)

4.27% (2019 est.)
Public debt
28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)

24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
8% (2017 est.)

3.6% (2016 est.)
Exports
$7.458 billion (2017 est.)

$6.987 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - partners
China 82% (2019)
Imports
$4.571 billion (2017 est.)

$5.215 billion (2016 est.)
Imports - partners
Turkey 25%, Russia 18%, China 14%, Germany 6% (2019)
Airports
26 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 10,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 1,563,023 (2022 est.)

percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)
Railways
total: 5,113 km (2017)

broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
Roadways
total: 58,592 km (2002)

paved: 47,577 km (2002)

unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 800,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 6.3 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
Waterways
1,300 km (2011) (Amu Darya River and Kara Kum Canal are important inland waterways)
Disputes - international

Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea

Turkmenistan-Iran: none identified

Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014

Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders

Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management