Turkmenistan - Daten & Fakten
Daten & Fakten
Turkmenistan
Capital
name: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad)
geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"
geographic coordinates: 37 57 N, 58 23 E
time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: derived from the Persian words eshq meaning "love" and abad meaning "inhabited place" or "city," and so loosely translates as "the city of love"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkmenistan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years
Legal system
civil law system with Islamic (sharia) law influences
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 488,100 sq km
land: 469,930 sq km
water: 18,170 sq km
land: 469,930 sq km
water: 18,170 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 72% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)
other: 19.2% (2018 est.)
arable land: 4.1% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 67.8% (2018 est.)
forest: 8.8% (2018 est.)
other: 19.2% (2018 est.)
Location
Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Age structure
0-14 years: 24.63% (male 710,040/female 691,487)
15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)
65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)
15-64 years: 68.82% (male 1,943,930/female 1,972,723)
65 years and over: 6.55% (2023 est.) (male 163,121/female 209,517)
Birth rate
17.16 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
5.96 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s):
Dünýä Faktlar Kitaby – esasy maglumatlaryň wajyp çeşmesidir (Turkmen)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.11 years
male: 69.1 years
female: 75.26 years (2023 est.)
male: 69.1 years
female: 75.26 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
902,000 ASHGABAT (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 29.2 years
male: 28.7 years
female: 29.7 years (2020 est.)
male: 28.7 years
female: 29.7 years (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.2 years (2019)
Net migration rate
-1.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
the most densely populated areas are the southern, eastern, and northeastern oases; approximately 50% of the population lives in and around the capital of Ashgabat
Population growth rate
0.95% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
2.03 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 54% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 2.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2020)
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
1% (2017 est.)
Labor force
1.998 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
0.2% (2012 est.)
Unemployment rate
5.08% (2021 est.)
4.95% (2020 est.)
4.27% (2019 est.)
4.95% (2020 est.)
4.27% (2019 est.)
Public debt
28.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
24.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
8% (2017 est.)
3.6% (2016 est.)
3.6% (2016 est.)
Exports
$7.458 billion (2017 est.)
$6.987 billion (2016 est.)
$6.987 billion (2016 est.)
Exports - partners
China 82% (2019)
Imports
$4.571 billion (2017 est.)
$5.215 billion (2016 est.)
$5.215 billion (2016 est.)
Imports - partners
Turkey 25%, Russia 18%, China 14%, Germany 6% (2019)
Airports
26 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 10,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 1,563,023 (2022 est.)
percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)
percent of population: 25.3% (2022 est.)
Railways
total: 5,113 km (2017)
broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
broad gauge: 5,113 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge
Roadways
total: 58,592 km (2002)
paved: 47,577 km (2002)
unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
paved: 47,577 km (2002)
unpaved: 11,015 km (2002)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 800,000 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 6.3 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2021 est.)
Waterways
1,300 km (2011) (Amu Darya River and Kara Kum Canal are important inland waterways)
Disputes - international
Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan: in January 2021, the two countries reached a preliminary agreement on the joint exploration of an undersea hydrocarbon field containing oil and natural gas in the Caspian Sea
Turkmenistan-Iran: none identified
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan signed a treaty on the delimitation and demarcation process in 2001; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005; Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to their border in the Caspian Sea in 2014
Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan-Uzbekistan: in 2017, the three countries signed an agreement of the junction of their borders
Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan: cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; in 2021, the two countries reached an agreement to create a joint intergovernmental commission to oversee water management
Länderstatistik
Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Turkmenistan
182
516
000
EUR
209
140
000
EUR
14.59 %
Bekleidung
Turkmenistan
547
000
EUR
541
000
EUR
-1.10 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
8
082
000
EUR
12
268
000
EUR
51.79 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Turkmenistan
20
666
000
EUR
12
866
000
EUR
-37.74 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Turkmenistan
8
105
000
EUR
9
729
000
EUR
20.04 %
Energieversorgung
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Turkmenistan
365
000
EUR
439
000
EUR
20.27 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Getränke
Turkmenistan
73
000
EUR
53
000
EUR
-27.40 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Turkmenistan
1
167
000
EUR
1
247
000
EUR
6.86 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Turkmenistan
2
191
000
EUR
1
907
000
EUR
-12.96 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Turkmenistan
220
000
EUR
186
000
EUR
-15.45 %
Kohle
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
7
002
000
EUR
9
365
000
EUR
33.75 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Turkmenistan
24
689
000
EUR
9
095
000
EUR
-63.16 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Turkmenistan
122
000
EUR
174
000
EUR
42.62 %
Maschinen
Turkmenistan
77
258
000
EUR
89
220
000
EUR
15.48 %
Metalle
Turkmenistan
2
124
000
EUR
1
340
000
EUR
-36.91 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
1
313
000
EUR
3
175
000
EUR
141.81 %
Möbel
Turkmenistan
909
000
EUR
1
372
000
EUR
50.94 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Turkmenistan
3
868
000
EUR
7
775
000
EUR
101.01 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Turkmenistan
345
000
EUR
972
000
EUR
181.74 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
5
333
000
EUR
11
267
000
EUR
111.27 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Turkmenistan
721
000
EUR
330
000
EUR
-54.23 %
Sonstige Waren
Turkmenistan
17
297
000
EUR
35
646
000
EUR
106.08 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
31
000
EUR
71
000
EUR
129.03 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Turkmenistan
0
EUR
2
000
EUR
0.00 %
Textilien
Turkmenistan
88
000
EUR
100
000
EUR
13.64 %