Türkei - Daten & Fakten
Länderstatistik
Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Türkei
26
972
767
000
EUR
30
682
976
000
EUR
13.76 %
Bekleidung
Türkei
53
575
000
EUR
69
617
000
EUR
29.94 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Türkei
3
503
161
000
EUR
3
333
961
000
EUR
-4.83 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Türkei
1
439
711
000
EUR
1
560
053
000
EUR
8.36 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Türkei
2
045
229
000
EUR
2
268
517
000
EUR
10.92 %
Energieversorgung
Türkei
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Türkei
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Türkei
233
000
EUR
245
000
EUR
5.15 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Türkei
63
085
000
EUR
32
449
000
EUR
-48.56 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Türkei
0
EUR
0
EUR
0.00 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Türkei
1
589
000
EUR
1
386
000
EUR
-12.78 %
Getränke
Türkei
78
303
000
EUR
87
472
000
EUR
11.71 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Türkei
291
688
000
EUR
283
485
000
EUR
-2.81 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Türkei
935
924
000
EUR
1
006
812
000
EUR
7.57 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Türkei
27
881
000
EUR
29
267
000
EUR
4.97 %
Kohle
Türkei
1
205
000
EUR
717
000
EUR
-40.50 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Türkei
117
335
000
EUR
135
815
000
EUR
15.75 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Türkei
5
163
462
000
EUR
7
371
292
000
EUR
42.76 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Türkei
42
308
000
EUR
60
640
000
EUR
43.33 %
Maschinen
Türkei
5
518
007
000
EUR
6
506
384
000
EUR
17.91 %
Metalle
Türkei
971
461
000
EUR
939
733
000
EUR
-3.27 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Türkei
886
474
000
EUR
988
837
000
EUR
11.55 %
Möbel
Türkei
64
252
000
EUR
76
130
000
EUR
18.49 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Türkei
304
002
000
EUR
377
213
000
EUR
24.08 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Türkei
521
647
000
EUR
505
754
000
EUR
-3.05 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Türkei
1
002
454
000
EUR
809
647
000
EUR
-19.23 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Türkei
2
515
534
000
EUR
2
667
106
000
EUR
6.03 %
Sonstige Waren
Türkei
999
149
000
EUR
1
076
944
000
EUR
7.79 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Türkei
23
844
000
EUR
22
723
000
EUR
-4.70 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Türkei
85
535
000
EUR
118
668
000
EUR
38.74 %
Textilien
Türkei
315
719
000
EUR
352
109
000
EUR
11.53 %
Daten & Fakten
Türkei
Capital
name: Ankara
geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Ankara has been linked with a second millennium B.C. Hittite cult center of Ankuwash, although this connection is uncertain; in classical and medieval times, the city was known as Ankyra (meaning "anchor" in Greek and reflecting the city's position as a junction for multiple trade and military routes); by about the 13th century the city began to be referred to as Angora; following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the city's name became Ankara
geographic coordinates: 39 56 N, 32 52 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: Ankara has been linked with a second millennium B.C. Hittite cult center of Ankuwash, although this connection is uncertain; in classical and medieval times, the city was known as Ankyra (meaning "anchor" in Greek and reflecting the city's position as a junction for multiple trade and military routes); by about the 13th century the city began to be referred to as Angora; following the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the city's name became Ankara
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Turkey
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but requires prior permission from the government
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
civil law system based on various European legal systems, notably the Swiss civil code
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 783,562 sq km
land: 769,632 sq km
water: 13,930 sq km
land: 769,632 sq km
water: 13,930 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 49.7% (2018 est.)
arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)
forest: 14.9% (2018 est.)
other: 35.4% (2018 est.)
arable land: 26.7% (2018 est.)
permanent crops: 4% (2018 est.)
permanent pasture: 19% (2018 est.)
forest: 14.9% (2018 est.)
other: 35.4% (2018 est.)
Location
Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Age structure
0-14 years: 22.12% (male 9,459,277/female 9,029,296)
15-64 years: 68.58% (male 29,023,477/female 28,301,263)
65 years and over: 9.31% (2023 est.) (male 3,512,598/female 4,267,572)
15-64 years: 68.58% (male 29,023,477/female 28,301,263)
65 years and over: 9.31% (2023 est.) (male 3,512,598/female 4,267,572)
Birth rate
14 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
6.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)
major-language sample(s):
The World Factbook, temel bilgi edinmek için vazgeçilmez bir kaynak. (Turkish)
ڕاستییەکانی جیهان، باشترین سەرچاوەیە بۆ زانیارییە بنەڕەتییەکان (Kurdish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.5 years (2023 est.)
male: 74.1 years
female: 78.9 years
male: 74.1 years
female: 78.9 years
Major urban areas - population
15.848 million Istanbul, 5.397 million ANKARA (capital), 3.088 million Izmir, 2.086 million Bursa, 1.836 million Adana, 1.805 million Gaziantep (2023)
Median age
total: 33.6 years (2023 est.)
male: 33 years
female: 34.1 years
male: 33 years
female: 34.1 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
26.6 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
-1.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast
Population growth rate
0.64% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.91 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
rate of urbanization: 1.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
3.4% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 18 years
male: 19 years
female: 18 years (2020)
male: 19 years
female: 18 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
12.46% (2021 est.)
Labor force
32.554 million (2021 est.)
note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees
note: this number is for the domestic labor force only; number does not include about 1.2 million Turks working abroad, nor refugees
Population below poverty line
14.4% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
13.39% (2021 est.)
13.11% (2020 est.)
13.67% (2019 est.)
13.11% (2020 est.)
13.67% (2019 est.)
Public debt
41.97% of GDP (2020 est.)
34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)
34.13% of GDP (2019 est.)
29.41% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
19.6% (2021 est.)
12.28% (2020 est.)
15.18% (2019 est.)
12.28% (2020 est.)
15.18% (2019 est.)
Exports
$282.851 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$203.816 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$244.941 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 9%, United Kingdom 6%, Iraq 5%, Italy 5%, United States 5% (2019)
Imports
$285.578 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$230.141 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
$227.638 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 11%, China 9%, Russia 9%, United States 5%, Italy 5% (2019)
Airports
98 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 16,734,853 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 68.85 million (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
percent of population: 81% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 11,497 km (2018)
standard gauge: 11,497 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (1.435 km high speed train)
standard gauge: 11,497 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (1.435 km high speed train)
Roadways
total: 67,333 km (2018)
paved: 24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)
unpaved: 43,251 km (2018)
paved: 24,082 km (2018) (includes 2,159 km of expressways)
unpaved: 43,251 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 12 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 86 million (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 100 (2021 est.)
Waterways
1,200 km (2010)
Disputes - international
Turkey-Armenia: in 2009, Swiss mediators facilitated an accord reestablishing diplomatic ties between Armenia and Turkey, but neither side has ratified the agreement and the rapprochement effort has faltered; in early 2022, the two countries held talks twice aimed at normalizing relations, which could lead to the opening of their land border, shut since 1993; in 2000, Turkish authorities complained to UNESCO that blasting from quarries in Armenia was damaging the medieval ruins of Ani, on the other side of the Arpacay valley
Turkey-Azerbaijan: none identified
Turkey-Bulgaria: none identified
Turkey-Cyprus: status of northern Cyprus question remains
Turkey-Georgia: none identified
Turkey-Greece: complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea, including rights to explore oil and gas reserves in the eastern Mediterranean and illegal migrants transiting from Turkey into Greece; the Aegean Maritime Boundary is complicated by the close proximity of Greek islands to the western shores of the Turkish Anatolian peninsula, representing the primary source of conflict between the two countries
Turkey-Iran: none identified
Turkey-Iraq: Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq
Turkey-Syria: Turkey completed building a wall along its border with Syria in 2018 to prevent illegal border crossings and smuggling