China - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge:    China China
Capital
name: Beijing

geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E

time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

time zone note: China is the largest country (in terms of area) with just one time zone; before 1949 it was divided into five

etymology: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Capital"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: least one parent must be a citizen of China

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: while naturalization is theoretically possible, in practical terms it is extremely difficult; residency is required but not specified
Legal system
civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - on 28 May 2020, the National People's Congress adopted the PRC Civil Code, which codifies personal relations and property relations
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 9,596,960 sq km

land: 9,326,410 sq km

water: 270,550 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 54.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 11.3% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 41.8% (2018 est.)

forest: 22.3% (2018 est.)

other: 23% (2018 est.)
Location
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Age structure
0-14 years: 16.48% (male 124,166,174/female 108,729,429)

15-64 years: 69.4% (male 504,637,819/female 476,146,909)

65 years and over: 14.11% (2023 est.) (male 92,426,805/female 107,035,710)
Birth rate
9.69 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
7.82 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry); note - Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uyghur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uyghur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)

major-language sample(s):
世界概況  –  不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Standard Chinese)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.23 years

male: 75.5 years

female: 81.2 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
29.211 million Shanghai, 21.766 million BEIJING (capital), 17.341 million Chongqing, 14.284 million Guangzhou, 14.239 million Tianjin, 13.073 million Shenzhen (2023)
Median age
total: 38.4 years

male: 37.5 years

female: 39.4 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranked first in the world in total population, overall density is less than that of many other countries in Asia and Europe; high population density is found along the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Xi Jiang River delta, the Sichuan Basin (around Chengdu), in and around Beijing, and the industrial area around Shenyang
Population growth rate
0.18% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.45 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 64.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 1.78% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data do not include Hong Kong and Macau
Education expenditures
3.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 14 years (2015)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
8.22% (2021 est.)
Labor force
791.383 million (2021 est.)

note: by the end of 2012, China's working age population (15-64 years) was 1.004 billion
Population below poverty line
0.6% (2019 est.)
Unemployment rate
4.82% (2021 est.)

5% (2020 est.)

4.52% (2019 est.)

note: data are for registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants
Public debt
47% of GDP (2017 est.)

44.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: official data; data cover both central and local government debt, including debt officially recognized by China's National Audit Office report in 2011; data exclude policy bank bonds, Ministry of Railway debt, and China Asset Management Company debt
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
0.98% (2021 est.)

2.42% (2020 est.)

2.9% (2019 est.)
Exports
$3.554 trillion (2021 est.)

$2.739 trillion (2020 est.)

$2.631 trillion (2019 est.)

note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports.
Exports - partners
United States 17%, Hong Kong 10%, Japan 6% (2019)
Imports
$3.091 trillion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.38 trillion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$2.499 trillion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
South Korea 9%, Japan 8%, Australia 7%, Germany 7%, US 7%, Taiwan 6% (2019)
Airports
507 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 483,549,500 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 34 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 1.022 billion (2021 est.)

percent of population: 73% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 150,000 km (2021) 1.435-m gauge (100,000 km electrified); 104,0000 traditional, 40,000 high-speed
Roadways
total: 5.2 million km (2020)

paved: 4.578 million km (2020) (includes 168000 km of expressways)

unpaved: 622,000 km (2017)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 180,700,500 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1.73 billion (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 122 (2021 est.)
Waterways
27,700 km (2020) (navigable waterways)
Disputes - international

China and India continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to a number of boundary disputes across the 2,000 mile shared border; India does not recognize Pakistan's 1964 ceding to China of the Aksai Chin, a territory designated as part of the princely state of Kashmir by the British Survey of India in 1865; China claims most of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas, but the US recognizes the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory; Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China's Chumbi salient; Chinese maps show an international boundary symbol (the so-called “nine-dash line”) off the coasts of the littoral states of the South China Sea, where China has interrupted Vietnamese hydrocarbon exploration; China asserts sovereignty over Scarborough Reef along with the Philippines and Taiwan, and over the Spratly Islands together with Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei; the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea eased tensions in the Spratlys, and in 2017 China and ASEAN began confidential negotiations for an updated Code of Conduct for the South China Sea designed not to settle territorial disputes but establish rules and norms in the region; this still is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; Vietnam and China continue to expand construction of facilities in the Spratlys and in early 2018 China began deploying advanced military systems to disputed Spratly outposts; China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands are also claimed by China and Taiwan; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen Rivers are in dispute with North Korea; North Korea and China seek to stem illegal migration to China by North Koreans, fleeing privation and oppression; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with their 2004 Agreement; China and Tajikistan have begun demarcating the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China has reconsidered construction of 13 dams on the Salween River, but energy-starved Burma, with backing from Thailand, continues to consider building five hydro-electric dams downstream despite regional and international protests


Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
China
103 564 377 000 EUR
106 852 174 000 EUR
3.17 %
Bekleidung
China
127 400 000 EUR
90 368 000 EUR
-29.07 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
China
7 122 234 000 EUR
7 893 228 000 EUR
10.83 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
China
13 076 121 000 EUR
14 137 369 000 EUR
8.12 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
China
12 015 674 000 EUR
12 465 873 000 EUR
3.75 %
Energieversorgung
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
China
582 000 EUR
183 000 EUR
-68.56 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
China
45 873 000 EUR
53 528 000 EUR
16.69 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
China
12 000 EUR
2 000 EUR
-83.33 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
China
485 136 000 EUR
454 579 000 EUR
-6.30 %
Getränke
China
194 214 000 EUR
172 021 000 EUR
-11.43 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
China
859 380 000 EUR
814 135 000 EUR
-5.26 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
China
2 550 280 000 EUR
2 549 877 000 EUR
-0.02 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
China
280 518 000 EUR
300 835 000 EUR
7.24 %
Kohle
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
China
231 158 000 EUR
198 384 000 EUR
-14.18 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
China
27 434 482 000 EUR
29 922 432 000 EUR
9.07 %
Leder und Lederwaren
China
126 307 000 EUR
99 289 000 EUR
-21.39 %
Maschinen
China
20 209 295 000 EUR
19 751 873 000 EUR
-2.26 %
Metalle
China
2 069 620 000 EUR
1 840 534 000 EUR
-11.07 %
Metallerzeugnisse
China
2 904 015 000 EUR
2 856 591 000 EUR
-1.63 %
Möbel
China
235 149 000 EUR
226 990 000 EUR
-3.47 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
China
1 051 847 000 EUR
927 533 000 EUR
-11.82 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
China
287 637 000 EUR
292 969 000 EUR
1.85 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
China
4 434 228 000 EUR
4 704 128 000 EUR
6.09 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
China
4 581 847 000 EUR
3 925 431 000 EUR
-14.33 %
Sonstige Waren
China
2 852 913 000 EUR
2 817 858 000 EUR
-1.23 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
China
18 390 000 EUR
22 199 000 EUR
20.71 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
China
2 589 000 EUR
2 538 000 EUR
-1.97 %
Textilien
China
367 476 000 EUR
331 427 000 EUR
-9.81 %