China - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge:    China China
Capital
name: Beijing geographic coordinates: 39 55 N, 116 23 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymolgy: the Chinese meaning is "Northern Capital"note: despite its size, all of China falls within one time zone
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: least one parent must be a citizen of China dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: while naturalization is theoretically possible, in practical terms it is extremely difficult; residency is required but not specified
Regierungstyp
communist party-led state
Legal system
civil law influenced by Soviet and continental European civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - in early 2017, the National People's Congress took the first step in adopting a new civil code by passing the General Provisions of the Civil Law
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total:9,596,960 sq kmland:9,326,410 sq kmwater:270,550 sq km
Land use
agricultural land:54.7%(2011 est.)arable land:11.3%(2011 est.) / permanent crops:1.6%(2011 est.) / permanent pasture:41.8%(2011 est.)forest:22.3%(2011 est.)other:23%(2011 est.)
Location
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Age structure
0-14 years:17.22%(male 128,270,371 /female 110,120,535)15-24 years:12.32%(male 91,443,139 /female 79,181,726)25-54 years:47.84%(male 338,189,015 /female 324,180,103)55-64 years:11.35%(male 79,340,391 /female 77,857,806)65 years and over:11.27%(male 74,277,631 /female 81,828,269)(2018 est.)
Birth rate
12.1 births/1,000 population(2018 est.)
Death rate
8.00
Languages
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry) note: Zhuang is official in Guangxi Zhuang, Yue is official in Guangdong, Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uighur is official in Xinjiang Uygur, Kyrgyz is official in Xinjiang Uygur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)
Life expectancy at birth
75.80
Major urban areas - population
25.582 million Shanghai, 19.618 million BEIJING (capital), 14.838 million Chongqing, 12.683 million Guangdong, 13.215 million Tianjin, 11.908 million Shenzhen (2018)
Median age
total:37.7 yearsmale:36.8 yearsfemale:38.8 years(2018 est.)
Net migration rate
-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Population distribution
overwhelming majority of the population is found in the eastern half of the country; the west, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated; though ranked first in the world in total population, overall density is less than that of many other countries in Asia and Europe; high population density is found along the Yangtze and Yellow River valleys, the Xi Jiang River delta, the Sichuan Basin (around Chengdu), in and around Beijing, and the industrial area around Shenyang
Population growth rate
0.37%(2018 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman(2018 est.)
Urbanization
rate of urbanization: 2.42% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
Education expenditures
NA
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
female: 14 years (2015)
Country Comparison :: GDP - real growth rate
6.90
Country Comparison :: Gross national saving
45.80
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3.8% (of GDP)(2017 est.)
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$23,210,000,000,000
Industrial production growth rate
6.10
Country Comparison :: GDP - per capita (PPP)
$16,700
Country Comparison :: Labor force
806,700,000
Country Comparison :: Unemployment rate
3.90
Labor force
806,700,000
Population below poverty line
3.3%(2016 est.) note: in 2011, China set a new poverty line at RMB 2300 (approximately US $400)
Unemployment rate
3.9%(2017 est.)4%(2016 est.) note: data are for registered urban unemployment, which excludes private enterprises and migrants
Country Comparison :: Public debt
47.00
Public debt
47.00
Country Comparison :: Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.60
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.60
Country Comparison :: Central bank discount rate
2.25
Central bank discount rate
2.25
Country Comparison :: Exports
$2,216,000,000,000
Exports
$2,216,000,000,000
Exports - partners
US 19%, Hong Kong 12.4%, Japan 6%, South Korea 4.5% (2017)
Country Comparison :: Imports
$1,740,000,000,000
Imports
$1,740,000,000,000
Imports - partners
South Korea 9.7%, Japan 9.1%, US 8.5%, Germany 5.3%, Australia 5.1% (2017)
Country Comparison :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$1,523,000,000,000
Country Comparison :: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$1,383,000,000,000
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$1.383 trillion(31 December 2017 est.)$1.227 trillion(31 December 2016 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$1,523,000,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - production
5,883,000,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - consumption
5,564,000,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - exports
18,910,000,000
Country Comparison :: Electricity - imports
6,185,000,000
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - production
3,838,000
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - exports
57,310
Country Comparison :: Crude oil - imports
6,710,000
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - production
145,900,000,000
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - exports
3,370,000,000
Country Comparison :: Natural gas - imports
97,630,000,000
Country Comparison :: Telephones - fixed lines
193,762,000
Country Comparison :: Telephones - mobile cellular
1,474,097,000
Country Comparison :: Internet users
730,723,960
Country Comparison :: Broadband - fixed subscriptions
378,540,000
Country Comparison :: Airports
507
Country Comparison :: Railways
131,000
Country Comparison :: Roadways
4,773,500
Country Comparison :: Waterways
110,000
Airports
507
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total:378.54 million(2017 est.)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:27(2017 est.)
Crude oil - exports
57,310
Crude oil - imports
6.71 million bbl/day(2015 est.)
Crude oil - production
3.838 million bbl/day(2017 est.)
Electricity - consumption
5,564,000,000,000
Electricity - exports
18,910,000,000
Electricity - imports
6,185,000,000
Electricity - production
5,883,000,000,000
Internet users
total: 730,723,960 (July 2016 est.)
Natural gas - exports
3,370,000,000
Natural gas - imports
97.63 billion cu m(2017 est.)
Natural gas - production
145.9 billion cu m(2017 est.)
Railways
total:131,000 km1.435-m gauge (80,000 km electrified); 102,000 traditional, 29,000 high-speed(2018)
Roadways
4,773,500
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions:193.762 million(2017 est.)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:14(2017 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
1,474,097,000
Waterways
110,000
Disputes - international
China and India continue their security and foreign policy dialogue started in 2005 related to a number of boundary disputes across the 2,000 mile shared border; India does not recognize Pakistan's 1964 ceding to China of the Aksai Chin, a territory designated as part of the princely state of Kashmir by the British Survey of India in 1865; China claims most of the Indian state Arunachal Pradesh to the base of the Himalayas, but The US recognizes the state of Arunachal Pradesh as Indian territory; Bhutan and China continue negotiations to establish a common boundary alignment to resolve territorial disputes arising from substantial cartographic discrepancies, the most contentious of which lie in Bhutan's west along China's Chumbi salient; Chinese maps show an international boundary symbol off the coasts of the littoral states of the South China Sea, where China has interrupted Vietnamese hydrocarbon exploration; China asserts sovereignty over Scarborough Reef along with the Philippines and Taiwan, and over the Spratly Islands together with Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Brunei; the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea eased tensions in the Spratlys, and in 2017 China and ASEAN began confidential negotiations for an updated Code of Conduct for the South China Sea designed not to settle territorial disputes but establish rules and norms in the region; this still is not the legally binding code of conduct sought by some parties; Vietnam and China continue to expand construction of facilities in the Spratlys and in early 2018 China deployed advanced military systems to disputed Spratly outposts; China occupies some of the Paracel Islands also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; the Japanese-administered Senkaku Islands are also claimed by China and Taiwan; certain islands in the Yalu and Tumen Rivers are in dispute with North Korea; North Korea and China seek to stem illegal migration to China by North Koreans, fleeing privation and oppression; China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with their 2004 Agreement; China and Tajikistan have begun demarcating the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of 2002; the decade-long demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary was completed in 2009; citing environmental, cultural, and social concerns, China has reconsidered construction of 13 dams on the Salween River, but energy-starved Burma, with backing from Thailand, continues to consider building five hydro-electric dams downstream despite regional and international protests

Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
China
103 564 377 000 EUR
106 798 874 000 EUR
3.12 %
Bekleidung
China
127 400 000 EUR
90 369 000 EUR
-29.07 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
China
7 122 234 000 EUR
7 844 282 000 EUR
10.14 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
China
13 076 121 000 EUR
14 131 084 000 EUR
8.07 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
China
12 015 674 000 EUR
12 470 430 000 EUR
3.78 %
Energieversorgung
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
China
582 000 EUR
183 000 EUR
-68.56 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
China
45 873 000 EUR
53 518 000 EUR
16.67 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
China
12 000 EUR
2 000 EUR
-83.33 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
China
485 136 000 EUR
454 547 000 EUR
-6.31 %
Getränke
China
194 214 000 EUR
172 309 000 EUR
-11.28 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
China
859 380 000 EUR
814 283 000 EUR
-5.25 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
China
2 550 280 000 EUR
2 549 396 000 EUR
-0.03 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
China
280 518 000 EUR
300 859 000 EUR
7.25 %
Kohle
China
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
China
231 158 000 EUR
198 205 000 EUR
-14.26 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
China
27 434 482 000 EUR
29 910 555 000 EUR
9.03 %
Leder und Lederwaren
China
126 307 000 EUR
99 179 000 EUR
-21.48 %
Maschinen
China
20 209 295 000 EUR
19 764 689 000 EUR
-2.20 %
Metalle
China
2 069 620 000 EUR
1 840 704 000 EUR
-11.06 %
Metallerzeugnisse
China
2 904 015 000 EUR
2 855 994 000 EUR
-1.65 %
Möbel
China
235 149 000 EUR
227 009 000 EUR
-3.46 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
China
1 051 847 000 EUR
927 774 000 EUR
-11.80 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
China
287 637 000 EUR
292 989 000 EUR
1.86 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
China
4 434 228 000 EUR
4 703 983 000 EUR
6.08 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
China
4 581 847 000 EUR
3 923 376 000 EUR
-14.37 %
Sonstige Waren
China
2 852 913 000 EUR
2 817 285 000 EUR
-1.25 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbaürzeugnisse
China
18 390 000 EUR
22 064 000 EUR
19.98 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
China
2 589 000 EUR
2 599 000 EUR
0.39 %
Textilien
China
367 476 000 EUR
331 207 000 EUR
-9.87 %