Spanien - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge: Spanien Spanien
Capital
name: Madrid

geographic coordinates: 40 24 N, 3 41 W

time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

time zone note: Spain has two time zones, including the Canary Islands (UTC 0)

etymology: the Romans named the original settlement "Matrice" after the river that ran through it; under Arab rule it became "Majerit," meaning "source of water"; in medieval Romance dialects (Mozarabic) it became "Matrit," which over time changed to "Madrid"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Spain

dual citizenship recognized: only with select Latin American countries

residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years for persons with no ties to Spain
Legal system
civil law system with regional variations
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 505,370 sq km

land: 498,980 sq km

water: 6,390 sq km

note: there are two autonomous cities - Ceuta and Melilla - and 17 autonomous communities including Balearic Islands and Canary Islands, and three small Spanish possessions off the coast of Morocco - Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera
Land use
agricultural land: 54.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 24.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 9.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20.1% (2018 est.)

forest: 36.8% (2018 est.)

other: 9.1% (2018 est.)
Location
Southwestern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, and Pyrenees Mountains; southwest of France
Age structure
0-14 years: 13.37% (male 3,226,491/female 3,087,271)

15-64 years: 66.13% (male 15,649,418/female 15,577,164)

65 years and over: 20.5% (2023 est.) (male 4,169,949/female 5,512,320)
Birth rate
7.12 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
10.11 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Castilian Spanish (official nationwide) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community (where it is known as Valencian)) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and in the Basque-speaking area of Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in the northwest corner of Catalonia (Vall d'Aran) along with Catalan, <5,000 speakers); note - Aragonese, Aranese Asturian, Basque, Calo, Catalan, Galician, and Valencian are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

major-language sample(s):
La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 82.78 years

male: 80.08 years

female: 85.61 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023)
Median age
total: 43.9 years

male: 42.7 years

female: 45.1 years (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31.2 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
4.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
with the notable exception of Madrid, Sevilla, and Zaragoza, the largest urban agglomerations are found along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts; numerous smaller cities are spread throughout the interior reflecting Spain's agrarian heritage; very dense settlement around the capital of Madrid, as well as the port city of Barcelona
Population growth rate
0.12% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.29 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.24% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

note: data include Canary Islands, Ceuta, and Melilla
Education expenditures
4.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 18 years

male: 18 years

female: 19 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
4.03% (2021 est.)
Labor force
23.382 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
20.7% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
14.73% (2021 est.)

15.53% (2020 est.)

14.1% (2019 est.)
Public debt
141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)

108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)

104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
3.09% (2021 est.)

-0.32% (2020 est.)

0.7% (2019 est.)
Exports
$497.868 billion (2021 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$393.774 billion (2020 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars

$486.633 billion (2019 est.) ; note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
France 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 8%, Portugal 8%, United Kingdom 7%, United States 5% (2019)
Imports
$476.678 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$375.087 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$445.719 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 13%, France 11%, China 8%, Italy 7% (2019)
Airports
135 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 16,188,502 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 35 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 44.18 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 94% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 15,489 km (2020) 9,953 km electrified
Roadways
total: 683,175 km (2011)

paved: 683,175 km (2011) (includes 16,205 km of expressways)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 19,075,931 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 56,805,348 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2021 est.)
Waterways
1,000 km (2012)
Disputes - international

Spain-Andorra: none identified

Spain-France: none identified

Spain-Gibraltar (UK): in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain does not recognize British sovereignty beyond the original fortified perimeter of the city and disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; after voters in the UK chose to leave the EU in a June 2016 referendum, Spain again proposed shared sovereignty of Gibraltar; UK officials rejected Spain’s joint sovereignty proposal

Spain-Morocco: Morocco protests Spain's control over the coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon de Velez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas, and Islas Chafarinas, and surrounding waters; both countries claim Isla Perejil (Leila Island), which remains unoccupied but was the site of a  military standoff in 2002; Morocco serves as the primary embarkation area for illegal migration into mainland Spain from North Africa

Spain-Portugal: Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz


Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Spanien
43 931 949 000 EUR
49 035 672 000 EUR
11.62 %
Bekleidung
Spanien
788 475 000 EUR
875 122 000 EUR
10.99 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Spanien
5 068 613 000 EUR
5 939 211 000 EUR
17.18 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Spanien
4 571 880 000 EUR
4 511 904 000 EUR
-1.31 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Spanien
3 169 277 000 EUR
3 629 331 000 EUR
14.52 %
Energieversorgung
Spanien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Spanien
3 624 000 EUR
3 920 000 EUR
8.17 %
Erze
Spanien
251 000 EUR
338 000 EUR
34.66 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Spanien
153 184 000 EUR
183 721 000 EUR
19.93 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Spanien
10 464 000 EUR
7 657 000 EUR
-26.83 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Spanien
2 320 000 EUR
2 817 000 EUR
21.42 %
Getränke
Spanien
212 435 000 EUR
258 453 000 EUR
21.66 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Spanien
475 726 000 EUR
551 561 000 EUR
15.94 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Spanien
1 747 536 000 EUR
1 954 955 000 EUR
11.87 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Spanien
217 752 000 EUR
237 259 000 EUR
8.96 %
Kohle
Spanien
138 000 EUR
121 000 EUR
-12.32 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Spanien
116 378 000 EUR
183 488 000 EUR
57.67 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Spanien
7 452 234 000 EUR
8 288 322 000 EUR
11.22 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Spanien
349 463 000 EUR
441 379 000 EUR
26.30 %
Maschinen
Spanien
5 270 700 000 EUR
5 761 258 000 EUR
9.31 %
Metalle
Spanien
1 870 552 000 EUR
2 554 778 000 EUR
36.58 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Spanien
1 382 337 000 EUR
1 484 712 000 EUR
7.41 %
Möbel
Spanien
401 268 000 EUR
422 879 000 EUR
5.39 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Spanien
2 221 175 000 EUR
2 589 469 000 EUR
16.58 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Spanien
717 508 000 EUR
861 263 000 EUR
20.04 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Spanien
3 452 847 000 EUR
3 741 353 000 EUR
8.36 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Spanien
861 361 000 EUR
1 004 719 000 EUR
16.64 %
Sonstige Waren
Spanien
2 578 147 000 EUR
2 766 458 000 EUR
7.30 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Spanien
43 496 000 EUR
43 560 000 EUR
0.15 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Spanien
393 007 000 EUR
338 221 000 EUR
-13.94 %
Textilien
Spanien
399 801 000 EUR
397 443 000 EUR
-0.59 %