Estland - Daten & Fakten

Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Estland
2 618 127 000 EUR
2 557 036 000 EUR
-2.33 %
Bekleidung
Estland
80 747 000 EUR
80 281 000 EUR
-0.58 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Estland
254 131 000 EUR
189 164 000 EUR
-25.56 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Estland
266 606 000 EUR
222 768 000 EUR
-16.44 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Estland
200 687 000 EUR
211 159 000 EUR
5.22 %
Energieversorgung
Estland
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Estland
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Estland
0 EUR
6 000 EUR
0.00 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Estland
12 008 000 EUR
10 777 000 EUR
-10.25 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Estland
557 000 EUR
437 000 EUR
-21.54 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Estland
13 408 000 EUR
2 436 000 EUR
-81.83 %
Getränke
Estland
20 400 000 EUR
21 028 000 EUR
3.08 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Estland
45 067 000 EUR
48 695 000 EUR
8.05 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Estland
106 259 000 EUR
94 733 000 EUR
-10.85 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Estland
19 214 000 EUR
16 098 000 EUR
-16.22 %
Kohle
Estland
27 000 EUR
26 000 EUR
-3.70 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Estland
8 188 000 EUR
10 230 000 EUR
24.94 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Estland
424 964 000 EUR
470 953 000 EUR
10.82 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Estland
35 832 000 EUR
36 195 000 EUR
1.01 %
Maschinen
Estland
388 044 000 EUR
406 723 000 EUR
4.81 %
Metalle
Estland
131 427 000 EUR
129 436 000 EUR
-1.51 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Estland
93 323 000 EUR
82 896 000 EUR
-11.17 %
Möbel
Estland
14 332 000 EUR
15 440 000 EUR
7.73 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Estland
111 715 000 EUR
122 245 000 EUR
9.43 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Estland
30 919 000 EUR
23 842 000 EUR
-22.89 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Estland
79 762 000 EUR
55 532 000 EUR
-30.38 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Estland
33 341 000 EUR
48 368 000 EUR
45.07 %
Sonstige Waren
Estland
211 473 000 EUR
226 166 000 EUR
6.95 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Estland
4 927 000 EUR
3 197 000 EUR
-35.11 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Estland
1 620 000 EUR
2 050 000 EUR
26.54 %
Textilien
Estland
29 149 000 EUR
26 155 000 EUR
-10.27 %

Daten & Fakten
Flagge: Estland Estland
Capital
name: Tallinn

geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town")
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections
Area
total: 45,228 sq km

land: 42,388 sq km

water: 2,840 sq km

note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Land use
agricultural land: 22.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 52.1% (2018 est.)

other: 25.7% (2018 est.)
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.56% (male 95,732/female 91,384)

15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)

65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)
Birth rate
8.5 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 73.5 years

female: 82.9 years
Major urban areas - population
454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 44.7 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.5 years

female: 47.9 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.2 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
-2.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Population growth rate
-0.74% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.62 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
7.13% (2021 est.)
Labor force
704,700 (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
21.7% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
6.33% (2021 est.)

6.8% (2020 est.)

4.45% (2019 est.)
Public debt
23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)

14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)

13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.65% (2021 est.)

-0.44% (2020 est.)

2.28% (2019 est.)
Exports
$29.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Finland 12%, United States 9%, Latvia 9%, Sweden 8%, Russia 6% (2021)
Imports
$29.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Russia 15%, Finland 10%, Germany 10%, Latvia 7%, Lithuania 6% (2021)
Airports
18 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 415,610 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 1.183 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified
Roadways
total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)

paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)

unpaved: 47,985 km (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 296,620 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1,980,838 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 149 (2021 est.)
Waterways
335 km (2011) (320 km are navigable year-round)
Disputes - international

Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia