Estland - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge: Estland Estland
Capital
name: Tallinn

geographic coordinates: 59 26 N, 24 43 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: the Estonian name is generally believed to be derived from "Taani-linn" (originally meaning "Danish castle", now "Danish town") after a stronghold built in the area by the Danes; it could also have come from "tali-linn" ("winter castle" or "winter town") or "talu-linn" ("home castle" or "home town")
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Estonia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal; age 16 for local elections
Area
total: 45,228 sq km

land: 42,388 sq km

water: 2,840 sq km

note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Land use
agricultural land: 22.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 14.9% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 7.2% (2018 est.)

forest: 52.1% (2018 est.)

other: 25.7% (2018 est.)
Location
Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.56% (male 95,732/female 91,384)

15-64 years: 62.27% (male 376,599/female 372,380)

65 years and over: 22.17% (2023 est.) (male 94,291/female 172,376)
Birth rate
8.48 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
13.13 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 78.12 years

male: 73.52 years

female: 82.94 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
454,000 TALLINN (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 43.7 years

male: 40.4 years

female: 47 years (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.2 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
-2.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Population growth rate
-0.74% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.62 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 69.8% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.03% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
6.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-0.3% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
7.13% (2021 est.)
Labor force
704,700 (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
21.7% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
6.33% (2021 est.)

6.8% (2020 est.)

4.45% (2019 est.)
Public debt
23.77% of GDP (2020 est.)

14.05% of GDP (2019 est.)

13.46% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities, including sub-sectors of central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
4.65% (2021 est.)

-0.44% (2020 est.)

2.28% (2019 est.)
Exports
$29.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.769 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$22.962 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Finland 12%, United States 9%, Latvia 9%, Sweden 8%, Russia 6% (2021)
Imports
$29.234 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.813 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$21.712 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Russia 15%, Finland 10%, Germany 10%, Latvia 7%, Lithuania 6% (2021)
Airports
18 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 415,610 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 31 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 1.183 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 91% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 1,441 km (2020) 225 km electrified
Roadways
total: 58,412 km (2011) (includes urban roads)

paved: 10,427 km (2011) (includes 115 km of expressways)

unpaved: 47,985 km (2011)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 296,620 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 1,980,838 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 149 (2021 est.)
Waterways
335 km (2011) (320 km are navigable year-round)
Disputes - international

Russia and Estonia in May 2005 signed a technical border agreement, but Russia in June 2005 recalled its signature after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; Russia demands better treatment of the Russian-speaking population in Estonia; as a member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Estonia implements strict Schengen border rules with Russia


Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Estland
2 242 591 000 EUR
2 563 896 000 EUR
14.33 %
Bekleidung
Estland
61 131 000 EUR
79 178 000 EUR
29.52 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Estland
186 362 000 EUR
252 324 000 EUR
35.39 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Estland
237 100 000 EUR
264 133 000 EUR
11.40 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Estland
183 882 000 EUR
198 518 000 EUR
7.96 %
Energieversorgung
Estland
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Estland
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Estland
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Estland
11 771 000 EUR
11 805 000 EUR
0.29 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Estland
452 000 EUR
555 000 EUR
22.79 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Estland
16 014 000 EUR
13 408 000 EUR
-16.27 %
Getränke
Estland
18 865 000 EUR
19 933 000 EUR
5.66 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Estland
38 085 000 EUR
44 232 000 EUR
16.14 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Estland
95 068 000 EUR
102 525 000 EUR
7.84 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Estland
16 530 000 EUR
19 266 000 EUR
16.55 %
Kohle
Estland
0 EUR
27 000 EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Estland
7 694 000 EUR
8 178 000 EUR
6.29 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Estland
447 849 000 EUR
426 488 000 EUR
-4.77 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Estland
28 241 000 EUR
35 471 000 EUR
25.60 %
Maschinen
Estland
337 785 000 EUR
379 850 000 EUR
12.45 %
Metalle
Estland
92 444 000 EUR
129 066 000 EUR
39.62 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Estland
78 868 000 EUR
92 058 000 EUR
16.72 %
Möbel
Estland
13 620 000 EUR
13 848 000 EUR
1.67 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Estland
89 857 000 EUR
112 771 000 EUR
25.50 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Estland
22 792 000 EUR
30 764 000 EUR
34.98 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Estland
55 447 000 EUR
79 067 000 EUR
42.60 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Estland
22 644 000 EUR
33 183 000 EUR
46.54 %
Sonstige Waren
Estland
148 009 000 EUR
182 151 000 EUR
23.07 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Estland
2 410 000 EUR
4 927 000 EUR
104.44 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Estland
2 014 000 EUR
1 620 000 EUR
-19.56 %
Textilien
Estland
27 657 000 EUR
28 550 000 EUR
3.23 %