Äthiopien - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge:    Äthiopien Äthiopien
Capital
name: Addis Ababa

geographic coordinates: 9 02 N, 38 42 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

etymology: the name in Amharic means "new flower" and was bestowed on the city in 1889, three years after its founding
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopia

dual citizenship recognized: no

residency requirement for naturalization: 4 years
Legal system
civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 1,104,300 sq km

land: 1,096,570 sq km

water: 7,730 sq km

note: area numbers are approximate since a large portion of the Ethiopia-Somalia border is undefined
Land use
agricultural land: 36.3% (2018 est.)

arable land: 15.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 20% (2018 est.)

forest: 12.2% (2018 est.)

other: 51.5% (2018 est.)
Location
Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Age structure
0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)

15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)

65 years and over: 3.54% (2023 est.) (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827)
Birth rate
29.97 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Oromo (official working language of the State of Oromia Regional State) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of Somali Regional State) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the Tigray Regional State) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the Afar Regional State) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic (2007 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Kitaaba Addunyaa Waan Qabataamaatiif - Kan Madda Odeeffannoo bu’uraawaatiif baay’ee barbaachisaa ta’e. (Oromo)

የአለም እውነታ መጽሐፍ፣ ለመሠረታዊ መረጃ እጅግ አስፈላጊ የሆነ ምንጭ። (Amharic)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 68.59 years

male: 66.43 years

female: 70.81 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 19.8 years

male: 19.6 years

female: 20.1 years (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.3 years (2019 est.)

note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Net migration rate
-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated as shown in this population distribution map
Population growth rate
2.42% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
3.92 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
4.5% of GDP (2019 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 9 years

male: 8 years

female: 8 years (2012)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3.2% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
7.26% (2021 est.)
Labor force
56.664 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
23.5% (2015 est.)
Unemployment rate
3.69% (2021 est.)

3.24% (2020 est.)

2.33% (2019 est.)
Public debt
31.45% of GDP (2019 est.)

32.53% of GDP (2018 est.)

30.1% of GDP (2017 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
26.84% (2021 est.)

20.36% (2020 est.)

15.81% (2019 est.)
Exports
$9.496 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$7.715 billion (2020 est.)

$7.588 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
China 17%, United States 16%, United Arab Emirates 8%, Saudi Arabia 6%, South Korea 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Imports
$20.859 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$17.17 billion (2020 est.)

$19.227 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
China 27%, India 9%, United Arab Emirates 9%, France 9%, United Kingdom 7% (2019)
Airports
57 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 212,000 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 0.2 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 20.4 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 17% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 659 km (2017) (Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)

standard gauge: 659 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge

note: electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor
Roadways
total: 120,171 km (2018)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 890,000 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2021 est.) less than 1
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 65 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 54 (2021 est.)
Disputes - international

Ethiopia-Eritrea: Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement

Ethiopia-Somalia: While border clashes continue in the al-Fashqa (Fashaga) area, the US views the 1902 boundary treaty between Ethiopia and Sudan as being in force; the undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo region; Ethiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopia; 

Ethiopia-Sudan: Ethiopia's construction of a large dam (the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) on the Blue Nile since 2011 has become a focal point of relations with Egypt and Sudan; as of 2020, four years of three-way talks between the three capitals over operating the dam and filling its reservoir had made little progress; Ethiopia began filling the dam in July 2020; civil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia


Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Äthiopien
151 563 000 EUR
140 598 000 EUR
-7.23 %
Bekleidung
Äthiopien
767 000 EUR
770 000 EUR
0.39 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Äthiopien
23 544 000 EUR
23 520 000 EUR
-0.10 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Äthiopien
15 325 000 EUR
17 470 000 EUR
14.00 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Äthiopien
3 564 000 EUR
5 122 000 EUR
43.71 %
Energieversorgung
Äthiopien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Äthiopien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Äthiopien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Äthiopien
477 000 EUR
578 000 EUR
21.17 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Äthiopien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Äthiopien
1 000 EUR
0 EUR
-100.00 %
Getränke
Äthiopien
17 000 EUR
45 000 EUR
164.71 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Äthiopien
505 000 EUR
1 510 000 EUR
199.01 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Äthiopien
2 917 000 EUR
2 616 000 EUR
-10.32 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Äthiopien
97 000 EUR
21 000 EUR
-78.35 %
Kohle
Äthiopien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Äthiopien
379 000 EUR
708 000 EUR
86.81 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Äthiopien
49 443 000 EUR
25 791 000 EUR
-47.84 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Äthiopien
326 000 EUR
351 000 EUR
7.67 %
Maschinen
Äthiopien
27 606 000 EUR
26 759 000 EUR
-3.07 %
Metalle
Äthiopien
1 002 000 EUR
957 000 EUR
-4.49 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Äthiopien
3 893 000 EUR
3 126 000 EUR
-19.70 %
Möbel
Äthiopien
325 000 EUR
335 000 EUR
3.08 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Äthiopien
2 792 000 EUR
5 086 000 EUR
82.16 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Äthiopien
1 890 000 EUR
2 335 000 EUR
23.54 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Äthiopien
7 285 000 EUR
7 656 000 EUR
5.09 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Äthiopien
4 120 000 EUR
5 932 000 EUR
43.98 %
Sonstige Waren
Äthiopien
4 053 000 EUR
8 924 000 EUR
120.18 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Äthiopien
97 000 EUR
67 000 EUR
-30.93 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Äthiopien
3 000 EUR
35 000 EUR
1 066.67 %
Textilien
Äthiopien
1 135 000 EUR
884 000 EUR
-22.11 %