Polen - Daten & Fakten

total: 312,685 sq km

land: 304,255 sq km

water: 8,430 sq km

agricultural land: 48.2% (2018 est.)

arable land: 36.2% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.3% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 10.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 30.6% (2018 est.)

other: 21.2% (2018 est.)

Central Europe, east of Germany

0-14 years: 14.53% (male 2,839,788/female 2,680,401)

15-64 years: 64.87% (male 12,364,282/female 12,280,814)

65 years and over: 20.6% (2023 est.) (male 3,171,838/female 4,654,643)

8.7 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)

12.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)

Polish (official) 98.2%, Silesian 1.4%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.2%; note - data represent the language spoken at home; shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; Poland ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2009 recognizing Kashub as a regional language, Czech, Hebrew, Yiddish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, German, Armenian, Russian, Slovak, and Ukrainian as national minority languages, and Karaim, Lemko, Romani (Polska Roma and Bergitka Roma), and Tatar as ethnic minority languages (2011 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Księga Faktów Świata, niezbędne źródło podstawowych informacji. (Polish)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

total population: 75.8 years (2023 est.)

male: 71.7 years

female: 80 years

1.798 million WARSAW (capital), 769,000 Krakow (2023)

total: 42.4 years (2023 est.)

male: 41.1 years

female: 43.7 years

27.9 years (2020 est.)

-6.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)

population concentrated in the southern area around Krakow and the central area around Warsaw and Lodz, with an extension to the northern coastal city of Gdansk

-1.03% (2023 est.)

1.31 children born/woman (2023 est.)

urban population: 60.2% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

5.2% of GDP (2020 est.)

total: 16 years

male: 15 years

female: 17 years (2020)

-1.7% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

3.36% (2021 est.)

18.212 million (2021 est.)

15.4% (2018 est.)

3.37% (2021 est.)

3.16% (2020 est.)

3.28% (2019 est.)

50.6% of GDP (2017 est.)

54.2% of GDP (2016 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities, the data include subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions

5.06% (2021 est.)

3.37% (2020 est.)

2.23% (2019 est.)

$411.621 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$336.317 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$330.934 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Germany 28%, UK 6%, Czechia 6%, France 6%, Netherlands 4% (2020)

$380.699 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$295.897 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$302.525 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

Germany 25%, China 12%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 5%, Czechia 4% (2020)

126 (2021)

total: 8,369,218 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 22 (2020 est.)

total: 32.3 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 85% (2021 est.)

total: 19,461 km (2020) 11,946 km electrified

total: 420,000 km (2016)

paved: 291,000 km (2016) (includes 1,492 km of expressways, 1,559 of motorways)

unpaved: 129,000 km (2016)

total subscriptions: 5,308,497 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 14 (2021 est.)

total subscriptions: 50,588,785 (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2021 est.)

3,997 km (2009) (navigable rivers and canals)