Russland - Daten & Fakten

Daten & Fakten
Flagge:    Russische Föderation Russische Föderation
Capital
name: Moscow

geographic coordinates: 55 45 N, 37 36 E

time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time (DST)

time zone note: Russia has 11 time zones, the largest number of contiguous time zones of any country in the world; in 2014, two time zones were added and DST dropped

etymology: named after the Moskva River; the origin of the river's name is obscure but may derive from the appellation "Mustajoki" given to the river by the Finno-Ugric people who originally inhabited the area and whose meaning may have been "dark" or "turbid"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Russia

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 3-5 years
Legal system
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 17,098,242 sq km

land: 16,377,742 sq km

water: 720,500 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 13.1% (2018 est.)

arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 0.1% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 5.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 49.4% (2018 est.)

other: 37.5% (2018 est.)
Location
North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Eastern Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean
Age structure
0-14 years: 16.86% (male 12,270,830/female 11,614,990)

15-64 years: 65.99% (male 45,292,734/female 48,217,551)

65 years and over: 17.15% (2023 est.) (male 8,008,126/female 16,294,692)
Birth rate
9.22 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
13.27 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1%; note - data represent native language spoken (2010 est.)

major-language sample(s):
Книга фактов о мире – незаменимый источник базовой информации. (Russian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 72.72 years

male: 67.22 years

female: 78.54 years (2023 est.)
Major urban areas - population
12.680 million MOSCOW (capital), 5.561 million Saint Petersburg, 1.695 million Novosibirsk, 1.528 million Yekaterinburg, 1.292 million Kazan, 1.251 million Nizhniy Novgorod (2023)
Median age
total: 40.3 years

male: 37.5 years

female: 43.2 years (2020 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
25.2 years (2013 est.)
Net migration rate
1.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
population is heavily concentrated in the westernmost fifth of the country extending from the Baltic Sea, south to the Caspian Sea, and eastward parallel to the Kazakh border; elsewhere, sizeable pockets are isolated and generally found in the south
Population growth rate
-0.24% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.6 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: 0.11% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years

male: 16 years

female: 16 years (2019)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-1.4% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
4.9% (2021 est.)
Labor force
72.444 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
12.6% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
5.01% (2021 est.)

5.59% (2020 est.)

4.5% (2019 est.)
Public debt
23.05% of GDP (2020 est.)

17.28% of GDP (2019 est.)

16.17% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment, debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
6.69% (2021 est.)

3.38% (2020 est.)

4.47% (2019 est.)
Exports
$550.035 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$381.49 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$481.686 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
China 14%, Netherlands 10%, Belarus 5%, Germany 5% (2019)
Imports
$379.947 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$304.837 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$352.358 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
China 20%, Germany 13%, Belarus 6% (2019)
Airports
1,218 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 33,893,305 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 132 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 88% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 85,494 km (2019)

narrow gauge: 957 km
Roadways
total: 1,283,387 km (2012)

paved: 927,721 km (2012) (includes 39,143 km of expressways)

unpaved: 355,666 km (2012)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 24 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 16 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 250 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 170 (2021 est.)
Waterways
102,000 km (2009) (including 48,000 km with guaranteed depth; the 72,000-km system in European Russia links Baltic Sea, White Sea, Caspian Sea, Sea of Azov, and Black Sea)
Disputes - international

Russia remains concerned about the smuggling of poppy derivatives from Afghanistan through Central Asian countries

Russia-China: Russia and China have demarcated the once disputed islands at the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border disputes

Russia-Denmark-Norway: Denmark (Greenland) and Norway have made submissions to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS), and Russia is collecting additional data to augment its 2001 CLCS submission

Russia and Estonia: Russia and Estonia signed a technical border agreement in May 2005, but Russia recalled its signature in June 2005 after the Estonian parliament added to its domestic ratification act a historical preamble referencing the Soviet occupation and Estonia's pre-war borders under the 1920 Treaty of Tartu; Russia contends that the preamble allows Estonia to make territorial claims on Russia in the future, while Estonian officials deny that the preamble has any legal impact on the treaty text; negotiations were reopened in 2012, and a treaty was signed in 2014 without the disputed preamble, but neither country has ratified it as of 2020

Russia-Finland: various groups in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other areas ceded to the Soviet Union following World War II but the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands

Russia-Georgia: Russia's military support and subsequent recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia independence in 2008 continue to sour relations with Georgia; in 2011, Russia began to put up fences and barbed wire to fortify South Ossetia, physically dividing villages in the process; Russia continues to move the South Ossetia border fences further into Georgian territory

Russia-Japan: the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the "Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kurils," occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia, and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities

Russia-Kazakhstan: Russia boundary delimitation was ratified on November 2005; field demarcation commenced in 2007 and was expected to be completed by 2013

Russia-Lithuania: Russia and Lithuania committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; border demarcation was completed in 2018; Lithuania operates a simplified transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules apply

Russia-North Korea: none identified

Russia-Norway: Russia and Norway signed a comprehensive maritime boundary agreement in 2010, opening the disputed territory for oil and natural gas exploration; a visa-free travel agreement for persons living near the border went into effect in May 2012

Russia-Ukraine: Russia remains involved in the conflict in eastern Ukraine while also occupying Ukraine’s territory of Crimea; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov is suspended due to the occupation of Crimea by Russia

Russia-US: Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990 Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US; the southwesterly "Western Limit" places about 70% of the Bering Sea under U.S. maritime jurisdiction

Russia-various: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea

 


Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Russische Föderation
26 631 890 000 EUR
14 585 648 000 EUR
-45.23 %
Bekleidung
Russische Föderation
380 387 000 EUR
319 243 000 EUR
-16.07 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
3 026 591 000 EUR
1 713 804 000 EUR
-43.38 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Russische Föderation
1 657 086 000 EUR
608 104 000 EUR
-63.30 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Russische Föderation
1 684 835 000 EUR
641 468 000 EUR
-61.93 %
Energieversorgung
Russische Föderation
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Russische Föderation
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Russische Föderation
5 684 000 EUR
16 944 000 EUR
198.10 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Russische Föderation
181 686 000 EUR
264 934 000 EUR
45.82 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
146 000 EUR
55 000 EUR
-62.33 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
846 000 EUR
1 254 000 EUR
48.23 %
Getränke
Russische Föderation
179 437 000 EUR
122 469 000 EUR
-31.75 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Russische Föderation
294 840 000 EUR
158 247 000 EUR
-46.33 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Russische Föderation
1 048 860 000 EUR
573 476 000 EUR
-45.32 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Russische Föderation
57 791 000 EUR
39 584 000 EUR
-31.50 %
Kohle
Russische Föderation
13 000 EUR
2 000 EUR
-84.62 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
145 488 000 EUR
122 979 000 EUR
-15.47 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Russische Föderation
4 377 275 000 EUR
1 045 717 000 EUR
-76.11 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Russische Föderation
95 650 000 EUR
60 114 000 EUR
-37.15 %
Maschinen
Russische Föderation
5 807 769 000 EUR
2 798 084 000 EUR
-51.82 %
Metalle
Russische Föderation
330 167 000 EUR
152 605 000 EUR
-53.78 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
902 055 000 EUR
568 791 000 EUR
-36.94 %
Möbel
Russische Föderation
116 456 000 EUR
56 094 000 EUR
-51.83 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Russische Föderation
721 786 000 EUR
771 821 000 EUR
6.93 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Russische Föderation
434 130 000 EUR
216 830 000 EUR
-50.05 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
2 609 441 000 EUR
3 069 346 000 EUR
17.62 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Russische Föderation
1 253 200 000 EUR
297 657 000 EUR
-76.25 %
Sonstige Waren
Russische Föderation
1 072 004 000 EUR
791 718 000 EUR
-26.15 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
14 365 000 EUR
5 774 000 EUR
-59.81 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Russische Föderation
60 053 000 EUR
64 652 000 EUR
7.66 %
Textilien
Russische Föderation
173 849 000 EUR
103 882 000 EUR
-40.25 %