Rumänien - Daten & Fakten

Länderstatistik

Branche
Land
Unterschied in %
gesamt
Rumänien
20 799 113 000 EUR
21 493 507 000 EUR
3.34 %
Bekleidung
Rumänien
307 611 000 EUR
315 165 000 EUR
2.46 %
Chemische Erzeugnisse
Rumänien
1 769 737 000 EUR
1 624 935 000 EUR
-8.18 %
Datenverarbeitungsgeräte, elektr. u. opt. Erzeugn.
Rumänien
2 753 207 000 EUR
2 905 082 000 EUR
5.52 %
Elektrische Ausrüstungen
Rumänien
2 580 861 000 EUR
2 626 098 000 EUR
1.75 %
Energieversorgung
Rumänien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erdöl und Erdgas
Rumänien
0 EUR
0 EUR
0.00 %
Erze
Rumänien
364 000 EUR
405 000 EUR
11.26 %
Erzeugnisse der Landwirtschaft und Jagd
Rumänien
131 934 000 EUR
136 660 000 EUR
3.58 %
Fische und Fischereierzeugnisse
Rumänien
233 000 EUR
56 000 EUR
-75.97 %
Forstwirtschaftliche Erzeugnisse
Rumänien
12 263 000 EUR
14 775 000 EUR
20.48 %
Getränke
Rumänien
65 877 000 EUR
77 790 000 EUR
18.08 %
Glas und -waren, Keramik, Steine und Erden
Rumänien
173 820 000 EUR
174 006 000 EUR
0.11 %
Gummi- und Kunststoffwaren
Rumänien
1 002 148 000 EUR
1 012 970 000 EUR
1.08 %
Holz und Holz- Kork- Korb- Flechtwaren ohne Möbel
Rumänien
90 155 000 EUR
72 391 000 EUR
-19.70 %
Kohle
Rumänien
86 000 EUR
19 000 EUR
-77.91 %
Kokereierzeugnisse und Mineralölerzeugnisse
Rumänien
133 747 000 EUR
144 380 000 EUR
7.95 %
Kraftwagen und Kraftwagenteile
Rumänien
2 962 631 000 EUR
3 119 564 000 EUR
5.30 %
Leder und Lederwaren
Rumänien
155 561 000 EUR
154 301 000 EUR
-0.81 %
Maschinen
Rumänien
2 478 591 000 EUR
2 638 527 000 EUR
6.45 %
Metalle
Rumänien
750 475 000 EUR
660 035 000 EUR
-12.05 %
Metallerzeugnisse
Rumänien
1 010 576 000 EUR
1 044 932 000 EUR
3.40 %
Möbel
Rumänien
97 203 000 EUR
97 380 000 EUR
0.18 %
Nahrungsmittel und Futtermittel
Rumänien
1 355 414 000 EUR
1 459 389 000 EUR
7.67 %
Papier, Pappe und Waren daraus
Rumänien
278 026 000 EUR
256 960 000 EUR
-7.58 %
Pharmazeutische und ähnliche Erzeugnisse
Rumänien
965 881 000 EUR
1 079 005 000 EUR
11.71 %
Sonstige Fahrzeuge
Rumänien
150 548 000 EUR
145 363 000 EUR
-3.44 %
Sonstige Waren
Rumänien
1 079 942 000 EUR
1 209 567 000 EUR
12.00 %
Steine und Erden, sonstige Bergbauerzeugnisse
Rumänien
10 458 000 EUR
9 934 000 EUR
-5.01 %
Tabakerzeugnisse
Rumänien
88 462 000 EUR
114 038 000 EUR
28.91 %
Textilien
Rumänien
393 302 000 EUR
399 780 000 EUR
1.65 %

Daten & Fakten
Flagge: Rumänien Rumänien
Capital
name: Bucharest

geographic coordinates: 44 26 N, 26 06 E

time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

etymology: related to the Romanian word "bucura" that is believed to be of Dacian origin and whose meaning is "to be glad (happy)"; Bucharest's meaning is thus akin to "city of joy"
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no

citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Romania

dual citizenship recognized: yes

residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Legal system
civil law system
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Area
total: 238,391 sq km

land: 229,891 sq km

water: 8,500 sq km
Land use
agricultural land: 60.7% (2018 est.)

arable land: 39.1% (2018 est.)

permanent crops: 1.9% (2018 est.)

permanent pasture: 19.7% (2018 est.)

forest: 28.7% (2018 est.)

other: 10.6% (2018 est.)
Location
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Age structure
0-14 years: 15.63% (male 1,472,449/female 1,391,671)

15-64 years: 62.13% (male 5,689,908/female 5,696,224)

65 years and over: 22.24% (2023 est.) (male 1,682,695/female 2,393,380)
Birth rate
8.6 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Death rate
14.9 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Languages
Romanian (official) 91.6%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 0.7% (2021 est.)

note: data represent individuals who declared a maternal language in the 2021 national census; 13.1% did not respond

major-language sample(s):
Cartea informativa a lumii, sursa indispensabila pentru informatii de baza. (Romanian)

The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Life expectancy at birth
total population: 76.3 years (2023 est.)

male: 72.9 years

female: 80 years
Major urban areas - population
1.776 million BUCHAREST (capital) (2023)
Median age
total: 45.1 years (2023 est.)

male: 43.6 years

female: 46.5 years
Mother's mean age at first birth
27.1 years (2020 est.)
Net migration rate
-3.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.)
Population distribution
urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Population growth rate
-1.01% (2023 est.)
Total fertility rate
1.63 children born/woman (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 54.7% of total population (2023)

rate of urbanization: -0.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Education expenditures
3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years

male: 14 years

female: 15 years (2020)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-2.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Industrial production growth rate
4.07% (2021 est.)
Labor force
8.381 million (2021 est.)
Population below poverty line
23.8% (2018 est.)
Unemployment rate
5.17% (2021 est.)

5.03% (2020 est.)

3.91% (2019 est.)
Public debt
57.11% of GDP (2020 est.)

43.21% of GDP (2019 est.)

42.56% of GDP (2018 est.)

note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
5.05% (2021 est.)

2.63% (2020 est.)

3.83% (2019 est.)
Exports
$115.879 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$93.024 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$100.901 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 22%, Italy 10%, France 7% (2019)
Imports
$132.056 billion (2021 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$103.899 billion (2020 est.) note: data are in current year dollars

$111.184 billion (2019 est.) note: data are in current year dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 19%, Italy 9%, Hungary 7%, Poland 6%, China 5%, France 5% (2019)
Airports
45 (2021)
Broadband - fixed subscriptions
total: 5,684,782 (2020 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2020 est.)
Internet users
total: 15.96 million (2021 est.)

percent of population: 84% (2021 est.)
Railways
total: 10,628 km (2020) 4,030 km electrified
Roadways
total: 84,185 km (2012)

paved: 49,873 km (2012) (includes 337 km of expressways)

unpaved: 34,312 km (2012)
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2.606 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2021 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular
total subscriptions: 22.929 million (2021 est.)

subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2021 est.)
Waterways
1,731 km (2010) (includes 1,075 km on the Danube River, 524 km on secondary branches, and 132 km on canals)
Disputes - international

Romania-Bulgaria: none identified

Romania-Hungary: none identified

Romania-Moldova: none identified

Romania-Serbia: none identified

Romania-Ukraine: the International Court of Justice ruled largely in favor of Romania in its dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; in 2007, Romania opposed Ukraine's construction of a navigation canal from the Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea, arguing that it runs through a unique ecological area, the Danube Delta